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EASILY ACCESSIBLE, CURRENT INFORMATION
FOR EVERY ENVIRONMENTALIST
Constantly updated, ATSDR'S Toxicological Profiles (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry - U.S. Public Health Service) translates over 40,000 pages of data into a comprehensive, current, easy-to-use format on the mitigation of health effects, data gaps, and all available health data. Rigorously peer-reviewed, this work covers the toxicological effects of hazardous substances, chemicals, and compounds. Each profile includes an examination, summary, and interpretation of available toxicological and epidemiological data evaluations on the hazardous substance.
This fully indexed site boasts an extensive hyperlink system and advanced search capabilities. And it's the only one organized by route of exposures - inhalation, oral, and dermal. With 162 final profiles, ATSDR's Toxicological Profiles is the best available database of toxicological and epidemiological information.
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ATSDR Alphabetical Reference
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A
(12)
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B
(14)
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C
(20)
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D
(24)
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E
(6)
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F
(3)
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H
(13)
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I
(3)
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J
(2)
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L
(1)
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M
(13)
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N
(7)
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O
(1)
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P
(8)
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R
(3)
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S
(8)
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T
(16)
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U
(1)
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V
(3)
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W
(2)
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X
(1)
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Z
(1)
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ACETONE
As of 5/1/1994
Acetone is a chemical that is found naturally in the environment and is also produced by industries. Low levels of acetone are normally present in the body from the breakdown of fat; the body can use it in normal processes that make sugar and fat. Acetone is a colorless liquid with a distinct smell and taste. People begin to smell acetone in air at 100 to 140 parts of acetone in a million parts of air (ppm), though some can smell it at much lower levels. Most people begin to detect the presence of acetone in water at 20 ppm. Acetone evaporates readily into the air and mixes well with water. Most acetone produced is used to make other chemicals that make plastics, fibers, and drugs. Acetone is also used to dissolve other substances.
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ACROLEIN
As of 12/1/1990
Acrolein is a clear or yellow liquid with a disagreeable odor. It burns easily. It changes into a vapor much faster than water does at normal temperatures. When heated to high temperatures, it can change into a vapor very quickly. Near hazardous waste sites in which acrolein is not properly stored, acrolein might be found in the air, water, or soil. Acrolein does not stay in the air or water for very long. Acrolein that enters the air as a vapor changes into other chemicals within days. Acrolein dissolves easily in water. Within days, some of the acrolein in water changes into a vapor and enters the air. The acrolein left in the water is changed into other chemicals, which are rapidly broken down. Acrolein that enters the soil is washed out in water and changes into a vapor, and it is oxidized; we do not know how long this takes.
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ACRYLONITRILE
As of 12/1/1990
Acrylonitrile is a colorless, liquid, man-made chemical with a sharp, onion-or garlic-like odor. Acrylonitrile is used mostly to make plastics, acrylic fibers, and synthetic rubber. Because acrylonitrile evaporates quickly, it is most likely to be found in the air around chemical plants where it is made. Acrylonitrile breaks down quickly in the air. It has been found in small amounts in the water and soil near manufacturing plants and hazardous waste sites. In water, acrylonitrile usually breaks down in about 1 to 2 weeks, although this can vary depending on conditions. For example, high concentrations of acrylonitrile (such as might occur after a spill) tend to be broken down more slowly.
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ALDRIN/DIELDRIN
As of 4/1/1993
Aldrin and dieldrin are the common names of two structurally similar compounds that are used as
insecticides. They are chemicals that are made in the laboratory and do not occur naturally in the environment. The scientific name for aldrin is 1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a
-hexahydro-1,4-endo, exo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene. The abbreviation for the scientific name for aldrin is HHDN. Technical-grade aldrin contains not less than 85.5% aldrin. The trade names used for aldrin include Aldrec, Aldrex, Drinox, Octalene, Seedrin, and Compound 118. The scientific name for dieldrin is 1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4a5,6,7,8,8a -octahydro-1,4-endo,exo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene. The abbreviation for the scientific name for dieldrin is HEOD. Technical-grade dieldrin contains not less than 85% dieldrin. The trade names used for dieldrin include Alvit, Dieldrix, Octalox, Quintox, and Red Shield.
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ALUMINUM
As of 7/1/1999
Aluminum is the most abundant metal and the third most abundant element, after oxygen and
silicon, in the earth's crust. It is widely distributed and constitutes approximately 8 percent of the earth's surface layer. However, aluminum is a very reactive element and is never found as the free metal in nature. It is found combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, silicon, and fluorine. These “chemical compounds” are commonly found in soil, minerals (e.g., sapphires, rubies, turquoise), rocks (especially igneous rocks), and clays.
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AMERICIUM
As of 7/1/2001
Americium is a man-made, radioactive, actinide element with an atomic number of 95. It was discovered in 1945. Actinides are the 15 elements, all of whose isotopes are radioactive starting with actinium (atomic number 89), and extending to lawrencium (atomic number 103). When not combined with other elements, americium is a silvery metal. Americium has no naturally occurring or stable isotopes.
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AMMONIA
As of 12/1/1990
Ammonia is a chemical made by both man and nature. The amount of ammonia produced every
year by man is very small compared to that produced by nature every year. However, when ammonia is found at a level that may cause concern, it is usually produced either directly or indirectly by man.
Ammonia is a colorless gas with a very sharp odor. The odor is familiar to most people because ammonia is used in smelling salts, household cleaners, and window cleaning products. Ammonia easily dissolves in water. In water, most of the ammonia changes to ammonium, which is not a gas and does not smell. Ammonia and ammonium can change back and forth in water. In wells, rivers, lakes, and wet soils, the ammonium form is most common.
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ANTIMONY
As of 9/1/1992
Antimony is a silvery white metal of medium hardness that breaks easily.
Small amounts of antimony are found in the earth's crust. Antimony ores are mined and then either changed into antimony metal or combined with oxygen to form antimony oxide.
Antimony oxide is a white powder that does not evaporate. Only a small amount of it will dissolve in water. Most antimony oxide produced is added to textiles and plastics to prevent their catching on fire.
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ARSENIC
As of 9/1/2000
Arsenic is an element that is widely distributed in the earth’s crust. Elemental arsenic is ordinarily a steel grey metal-like material that sometimes occurs naturally. However, arsenic is usually found in the environment combined with other elements such as oxygen, chlorine, and sulfur. Arsenic combined with these elements is called inorganic arsenic. Arsenic combined with carbon and hydrogen is referred to as organic arsenic. Understanding the difference between inorganic and organic arsenic is important because the organic forms are usually less harmful than the inorganic forms.
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ASBESTOS
As of 8/1/1995
Asbestos is the name applied to a group of six different fibrous minerals (amosite, chrysotile,
crocidolite, and the fibrous varieties of tremolite, actinolite, and anthophyllite) that occur naturally in the environment. Nonasbestos (nonfibrous) forms of tremolite, actinolite, and anthophyllite also are found naturally. The most common mineral type is white (chrysotile), but others may be blue (crocidolite), gray (anthophyllite), or brown (amosite). These minerals are made up of fibers that vary in length and may be straight or curled. Asbestos fibers do not have any detectable odor or taste.
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ATRAZINE
As of 9/1/2001
Atrazine is the common name for a herbicide that is widely used to kill weeds. It is used mostly on farms. Pure atrazine—an odorless, white powder—is not very volatile, reactive, or flammable. It will dissolve in water. Atrazine is made in the laboratory and does not occur naturally.
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AUTOMOTIVE GASOLINE
As of 6/1/1995
Gasoline is a complex manufactured mixture that does not exist naturally in the environment.
However, for the most part, chemicals that are in gasoline are generally present in several physical states (gaseous, liquid, or others) in human settlements. Gasoline is produced from petroleum in the refining process. The gasoline discussed in this profile is automotive gasoline used as a fuel for engines in automobiles and other vehicles. Aviation gasoline and other types of fuels, such as diesel and jet fuels, fuel oils, and products that result when gasoline is burned, are not discussed in this profile. The ATSDR toxicological profiles on jet fuels, Otto Fuels II, and fuel oils have further information on other types of fuels.
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